O Ring Working Principle

O-ring is an elastic ring with a circular cross-section. Its core working principle is to use its own elastic deformation to block leakage channels and achieve a sealing effect.

To ensure O-rings function reliably, understanding the principles is not enough; the following points must also be considered in design and application:

• Choose the appropriate material: Select the appropriate rubber material based on the working medium, temperature, and pressure. For example, fluororubber (FKM) can be used for fuel resistance and high temperatures, and perfluoroether rubber (FFKM) is even used in some harsh environments in semiconductor equipment.

• Design a reasonable compression ratio: The amount of compression deformation after O-ring installation is a key parameter. Too low a compression ratio may lead to leakage, while too high a ratio can cause stress relaxation and permanent deformation. Generally, a compression ratio of 15%-30% is recommended for static seals.

• Ensure groove design and surface quality: The dimensions, precision, and surface finish of the sealing groove are crucial. The groove must have appropriate depth and width, and the installation surface should be smooth and burr-free to avoid scratching the O-ring or affecting the sealing effect during installation. 

• Proper installation and maintenance: Use specialized tools or lubricant during installation to avoid excessive stretching or twisting of the O-ring. Regularly inspect and replace to prevent failure due to aging, permanent deformation, or other reasons.